After incision of the intervertebral disc and removal of anterior osteophytes, distraction pins placed in the vertebral bodies were used for distraction. Using the operating microscope ...

Plain radiographs can provide useful information regarding intervertebral discs, including signs of instability and the degenerative process (Figure 2). Changes in vertebral structure occur in the ...

Objective Most studies examining the time to return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) do not account for the athlete’s physical readiness. This study aimed to ...