The Thirteenth Amendment did not forbid only black slavery. The Fourteenth Amendment ... Eric Foner, THE SECOND FOUNDING: HOW THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION REMADE THE CONSTITUTION (2019).

For instance, according to many memoirs by former enslavers published after Reconstruction, come Christmas morning each year before the Civil War, masters and household slaves always jointly ...

When Lincoln left Illinois and headed east for his inauguration, he told the crowd at the Springfield railroad station that he confronted challenges equal only to those that had faced the nation’s ...

A group studying where to put South Carolina’s first Statehouse monument to an individual African American has decided Robert ...

After the Civil War, the divided nation went through ... troops stationed in the South were withdrawn. During the Reconstruction Era slavery in the South was abolished. The newly freed formerly ...

The memorial to Civil War hero Robert Smalls is set to be erected on the Statehouse grounds. Design and location set. Now, ...