What Kirchhoff’s “thermal law” is and why it’s important. How researchers have determined that the law breaks down in some circumstances. Why others disagree with those findings. Engineers of all ...

The well-known Kirchhoff’s current law is often used in linear circuit analysis. It’s also called Kirchhoff ’s first law, Kirchhoff ’s point rule, Kirchhoff ’s junction rule, and Kirchhoff ’s first ...

It is hard to get very far into electronics without knowing Ohm’s law. Named after [Georg Ohm] it describes current and voltage relationships in linear circuits. However, there are two laws that are ...

Penn State researchers broke Kirchhoff's law with a novel metamaterial. Material emits heat one-way, allowing nonreciprocal thermal radiation. Discovery may enhance solar energy, infrared sensing, and ...